Reign King Hassan 2

Reign King Hassan 2

Reign King Hassan 2 After the sudden death of Mohammed V in 1961 due to complications after surgery, his son 31 years Moulay Hassan took power as King Hassan II. The new king took personal control of government as Prime Minister and appointed a new cabinet. With the help of an advisory committee, which drafted a new Constitution, which was overwhelmingly approved by referendum in December 1962. Virtue of its provisions, the king remained the central figure of the executive branch of government, but the power resided in a legislative bicameral legislature and an independent judiciary is guaranteed. In May 1963, parliamentary elections were held for the first time, and the royalist coalition secured a small plurality of seats. However, after a period of political upheaval, in June 1965 Hassan II assumed full legislative and executive powers under a "state of emergency", which remained in force until 1970. Subsequently, a reform constitution was approved, restoring limited government and new elections were held. However, dissent remained, revolving around complaints of widespread corruption and misconduct within the government. In July 1971 and again in August 1972, the regime has been challenged by two military coups attempts. The environment in the country remains tense. 

Despite serious internal disturbances, patriotism aroused by Morocco's participation in the conflict in the Middle East and events in Western Sahara contributed to Hassan's popularity and strengthened his hand politically. The king had sent Moroccan troops in the Sinai front after the outbreak of the Arab-Israeli war of October 1973. Though it came too late to participate in hostilities, the action won Morocco goodwill among other Arab States. Shortly after, the government's attention turned to the acquisition of Western Sahara from Spain, a subject in which all parties agreed. 

King Hassan 2

Morocco claims the Western Sahara to the eleventh century. However, in August 1974 Spain formally recognized the (UN) United Nations resolution in 1966 calling for a referendum on the future status of Western Sahara, and called for a referendum was held under the supervision of the United Nations. A UN panel reported in early 1975 that the independence of the Saharawi people want more. Morocco protested against the proposed referendum and took the case to the International Court of Justice in The Hague, which ruled that, despite the "duties of loyalty" between Morocco and historical tribes of Western Sahara, it n 'there was no legal justification to leave the UN position on self-determination. Spain, meanwhile, said that even in the absence of a referendum, it aims to restore political control of Western Sahara, and Spain, Morocco and Mauritania convened a tripartite conference to resolve the future the territory. But Madrid also announced that it opened talks with the movement for the independence of Western Sahara independence backed by Algeria of the Polisario Front called. 

At the beginning of 1976, Spain ceded Western Sahara to Morocco and Mauritania. Morocco took over the northern two-thirds of the territory granted and the remaining portion in southern Mauritania. An assembly of Saharan tribal leaders duly acknowledged Moroccan sovereignty. However, with the increasing defection of leaders to his cause, the Polisario drew up a constitution and announced the creation of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). A new dimension in this way is added to the dispute because the liberation movement could now present its claims as a government in exile. 

Morocco eventually sent a large part of its combat forces in Western Sahara to confront the Polisario forces, which were relatively small but well equipped, highly mobile, and resources, using Algerian bases attacks fast targets deep the inside Morocco and Mauritania, as well as operations in Western Sahara. In August 1979, after suffering military losses, Mauritania renounced its claims to Western Sahara and signed a peace treaty with the Polisario. Morocco then annexed the whole territory, and in 1985, built a sand berm around three-quarters of it 2500 km. In 1988, Morocco and the Polisario Front finally agreed to a peace plan to United Nations (UN) and a plan for ceasefire and reconciliation took effect in 1991. Though the Security Council created the UN force peacekeeping to implement a referendum on self-determination for Western Sahara, which has not yet occurred, periodic negotiations have failed, and the status of the territory remains unresolved. 

Hassan 2

More than any other issue since independence, the objective of ensuring the Western Sahara had unified the Moroccan nation. Because the firm position of the king had taken, also increased its popularity in the country. But the war against Polisario guerrillas strained the economy, and Morocco has been increasingly isolated diplomatically. Successive governments have been reluctant to move seriously against the pressing economic and social problems. As a result, popular discontent with social and economic conditions persisted. Political parties continued to proliferate but produce only weak and divided opposition organized or have been deleted. By the force of his personality, the legacy of the monarchy, and the application of political repression, the king was able to assert his authority and control of the forces that threaten the existing social order. Progressive in the 1990s political reforms led to the constitutional reform of 1996, which created a new bicameral parliament with a large, but still limited, powers. Although reportedly marred by irregularities, elections for the House of Representatives were held in 1997.

ilteligent and great King ,