Music of Morocco
The music of Morocco ranges and differs according to the various areas of the country.
Traditional music styles
Berber folk music
Main article: Berber music
There are three varieties of Berber folk music: village and ritual music, and the music performed by professional musicians.
Chaabi "popular" folk music
Main article: Chaabi
Chaabi الشعبي (popular in English) is a music consisting of numerous varieties which descend from the multifarious forms of Moroccan folk music. Chaabi was originally performed in markets, but is now found at any celebration or meeting.
Gnawa, mystical
Main article: Gnawa and/or Gnawa music
Gnawa is a form of music that is mystical. It was gradually brought to Morocco by Sub-Saharan Africans and later became part of the Moroccan tradition.
Classical Malhun
Main article: Malhun
Classical Sufi music
Sufi brotherhoods (tarikas) are common in Morocco, and music is an integral part of their spiritual tradition. This music is an attempt at reaching a trance state which inspires mystical ecstasy.
Rock and pop
Rai, rock music
Main article: Raï
Rai is more closely associated with Algeria in the international music scene, but Morocco has produced its own stars like Cheb Mimoun and Hanino.
Music education
There are a dozen major music conservatories in Morocco, supported by the Ministry of Culture. Some of the larger of these institutions use French names in international correspondence.
- Conservatoire National de Musique, de Danse, et d'Art Dramatique, Rabat - The National Institute for Music and Dance, Rabat (المعهد الوطني للموسيقى و الرقص بالرباط) is the most prestigious of the conservatories, established in 1944, and today has around 2000 students enrolled.
- The Domestic Music Institute in Rabat (المعهد الموسيقي دار مولاي رشيد بالرباط), established 1928, at Dar Moulay Rachid Sidi Fateh, with 100 students.
- Conservatory of Salé (المعهد الموسيقي بسلا), Salé established 1995, with around 1000 students.
- Conservatory of Kenitra (المعهد الموسيقي بالقنيطرة), Kenitra established 1968, with 300 students.
- Music Institute (المعهد الموسيقي بفاس), Fez established 1960, 400 students.
- Conservatory House Adeel (المعهد الموسيقي دار عديل فاس) Fez, 2001, 100 students.
- Conservatory of Casablanca (المعهد الموسيقي بالدار البيضاء), Casablanca, 1973, 200 students.
- Conservatory of Tetuan (المعهد الموسيقي بتطوان), Tetouan, 1945, 500 students enrolled.
- Conservatory of Tangier (المعهد الموسيقي بطنجة), Tangier, established 1962, 10 Rue Mahatma Gandhi, 450 students, specialising in Andalusi music and with the Orchestra of Tangier. Alumni include the singer Mohammed El-Arabi Serghini.
- Conservatory of Baeraúh (المعهد الموسيقي بالعرائش) Tangier, 1972, 300 students.
- Conservatory of Bashfshaon (المعهد الموسيقي بشفشاون) Tetuan, 1976, 200 students.
- Conservatory of the Grand Palace (المعهد الموسيقي بالقصر الكبير) founded 1972, 300 students.
- Conservatory of Marrakech (المعهد الموسيقي بمراكش), Marrakech. 1948, 500 students.
- Conservatory of Meknes (المعهد الموسيقي بمكناس), Meknes, 1966, 350 students.
- Conservatory of Agadir (المعهد الموسيقي بأكادير), Agadir, 1972, about 650 students.
- Conservatory of Btazh (المعهد الموسيقي بتازة), Fez, 1972, 250 students
- Conservatory of Oujda (المعهد الموسيقي بوجدة), Oujda, 1992 100 students
- Conservatory of Safi (المعهد الموسيقي بأسفي), Qishla 4, Shawki Street Safi, 1968, 200 students
- Conservatory of Jerada (المعهد الموسيقي بجرادة), Jerada 2002, 80 students
- Conservatory of Temara (المعهد الموسيقي بتمارة) Temara, 500 students
- Conservatory of Sidi Qasim (المعهد الموسيقي بسيدي قاسم) Sidi Qasim, 2004, 150
- Conservatory of Essaouira (المعهد الموسيقي بالصويرة) Essaouira, 100 students
- Conservatory Beni Mellal (المعهد الموسيقي ببني ملال) Beni Mellal, 1989, 250 students
- Conservatory Ptiznat (المعهد الموسيقي بتيزنيت) Agadir. 100 students
- Conservatory of Khemisset (المعهد الموسيقي بالخميسات) Khemisset, 1985, 350 students
- Conservatory Bdmanat (المعهد الموسيقي بدمنات) Rabat 1999, 70 students
- Conservatory Father J'Ad (المعهد الموسيقي بأبي الجعد) Location?, 2010
References
Muddyman, Dave. "A Basic Expression of Life". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East, pp 567–578. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. ISBN 1-85828-636-0
Bibliography
Chants et Danses Berbères (Moyen Atlas - Foire au Mouton de Timhadit) par Alexis Chottin 16 juin 1935 in Revue de musicologie, T. 17e, No. 58e (1936), pp. 65–69
Olsen, Myriam ; Lortat-Jacob, Bernard, pref. Musiques de l’Atlas, Arles : Actes Sud : Cité de la musique, 1997 .
Guettat, Mahmoud, La musique classique du Maghreb, Paris : Sindbad, 1980 . (La bibliothèque arabe).
Aydoun, Ahmed, Musiques du Maroc, Casablanca : Editions EDDIF, 1994.
Mohamed Belghazi (dir.), Instruments des musiques populaires et de confréries du Maroc. Fragments de musées, Aix-en-Provence : Edisud, La croisée des chemins, 1998.
Catherine Homo-Lechner et Christian Rault, Instruments de musique du Maroc et d'al-Andalus, Fondation Royaumont / CERIMM, 1999.
